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Objective:To evaluate the correlation between anti-C1q antibody and disease activity and cellular immune function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:The clinical data and test indexes of 134 patients with SLE and 90 healthy people who were admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from June 2017 to February 2018 were collected. The level of anti-C1q antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry. According to the score of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)-2K, SLE patients were divided into active and inactive groups, and SLE patients were divided into LN group and non-LN group according to the presence or absence of kidney involvement. The levels of anti-C1q antibodies and lymphocyte subsets were compared among the three groups, and correlations between anti-C1q antibodies and disease activity and lymphocytes were analyzed. The predictive value of anti-C1q antibodies and anti double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies for SLE disease activity was evaluated.Results:The anti-C1q antibody level, percentage of T cells and Ts cells in SLE group were higher than those in control group, while the percentage of Th cells, percentage of NK cells, T cell count, Th cell count, B cell count and NK cell count in SLE group were lower than those in control group (all P<0.05); The anti-C1q antibody level in the active group was higher than that in the inactive group, and the counts of T cells, Ts cells, Th cells, B cells and NK cells were lower than those in the inactive group (all P<0.05); The anti-C1q antibody level in LN group was higher than that in non-LN group, and the T cell count, Ts cell count, Th cell count, B cell count, NK cell count were lower than that in non-LN group, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that age, hemoglobin (HB), C3, C4, T cell count, Th cell count, B cell count and NK cell count were negatively correlated with anti-C1q antibody, while SLEDAI-2K, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and anti-dsDNA antibody were positively correlated with anti-C1q antibody (all P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of anti-C1q antibody alone in predicting SLE disease activity was 0.702, with a sensitivity of 0.547 and a specificity of 0.827. The combination of anti-C1q and anti ds-DNA antibodies resulted in an AUC of 0.761, a sensitivity of 0.756, and a specificity of 0.691. The combined detection value of the two antibodies predicting SLE disease activity was better than the single detection. Conclusions:Anti-C1q antibody is closely related to disease activity and cellular immune dysfunction, and has certain predictive value in SLE disease activity.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of probiotics on intestinal flora, intestinal function, and T lymphocyte level in patients with cervical cancer after radiotherapy.Methods:A total of 92 patients with cervical cancer who underwent pelvic radiotherapy in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2020 to February 2022 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into control and experimental groups ( n = 46/group). The patients in the experimental group took probiotics during radiotherapy, while the patients in the control group did not take probiotics during radiotherapy. The amount of intestinal flora, D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase, and T lymphocyte subset levels pre- and post-radiotherapy were compared between the two groups. Urinary lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) concentrations were determined in each group. Urinary excretion ratios of L to M were calculated. Results:After 10, 15, and 20 times of radiotherapy and after all radiotherapies, the amount of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( F = 128.60, 224.99, all P < 0.05). The amount of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( F = 2 065.46, 948.23, both P < 0.05). After 10, 15, and 20 times of radiotherapy and after all radiotherapies, plasma D-lactic acid level in the experimental group was (9.34 ± 1.63) μg/L, (9.15 ± 1.36) μg/L, (8.68 ± 1.06) μg/L, and (8.05 ± 0.82) μg/L, respectively. After 10, 15, and 20 times of radiotherapy and after all radiotherapies, plasma diamine oxidase level in the experimental group was (86.34 ± 20.25) μg/L, (84.28 ± 17.45) μg/L, (80.40 ± 13.35) μg/L, and (76.85 ± 10.87) μg/L, respectively, and urinary excretion ratio of L to M in the experimental group was (1.84 ± 0.16), (1.55 ± 0.12), (1.26 ± 0.09), (0.98 ± 0.06), respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group ( F = 121.60, 31.73, 417.84, all P < 0.05). After 10, 15, and 20 times of radiotherapy and after all radiotherapies, CD4 + level in the experimental group was (39.80 ± 4.90)%, (40.92 ± 5.30)%, (42.52 ± 6.14)%, (43.83 ± 6.55)%, respectively, CD4 +/CD8 + was (1.52 ± 0.25), (1.63 ± 0.22), (1.71 ± 0.39), (1.83 ± 0.22), respectively, all of which were significantly higher than those in the control group ( F = 58.69, 31.07, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Probiotics can improve the status of intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in patients with cervical cancer after radiotherapy, and simultaneously improve the cellular immune function of patients.
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Dura mater, rich in vasculature and immune cells, is the outermost layer of the central nervous system, and thus acts as the first barrier to protect brain. Meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells are main components of dural immunity, which respond to a variety of central nervous system diseases. Meanwhile, compared with brain parenchyma, dura mater communicates more with peripheral tissues and is more susceptible to medical interventions. Therefore, dura mater is a promising target to prevent, diagnose and treat intracranial diseases. Here dural immunity is clarified based on meningeal lymphatic vessels and dural immune cells, and current researches inquiring the role of dural immunity in infectious and immune diseases of central nervous system are summarized.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor of the liver characterized by a high incidence rate, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. In recent years, it has been found that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) participates in the regulation of tumor immunity in tumor microenvironment (TME) and in turn affects the biological behavior of HCC. This article briefly describes the regulatory effect of ncRNA on immune cells in TME and introduces the potential value of ncRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, in order to provide potential diagnostic and treatment strategies for HCC.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of different anesthesia methods on the immune function in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:Forty patients of both sexes, aged 31-64 yr, with body mass index of 19-23 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing elective radical resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and repair of the defect with free flap, were enrolled and randomized to receive either combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia (VICA group, n=20) or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA group, n=20) using a random number table method.In group VICA, anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg, remifentanil 1-2 μg/kg, and cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg, sevoflurane was continuously inhaled to maintain MAC at 1.3, sevoflurane inhalation was stopped at 1 h before the end of surgery, sevoflurane was replaced with propofol, propofol 4-6 mg·kg -1·h -1 was continuously infused until the end of operation, and dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg·kg -1·h -1, remifentanil 0.2-0.3 μg·kg -1·min -1 and cisatracurium 0.1 mg·kg -1·h -1 were intravenously infused at the same time to maintain anesthesia.In group TIVA, anesthesia induction was the same as those previously described in group VICA, and anesthesia was maintained with intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg·kg -1·h -1, propofol 4-6 mg·kg -1·h -1, remifentanil 0.2-0.3 μg·kg -1·min -1 and cisatracurium 0.1 mg·kg -1·h -1.Venous blood samples were taken at 30 min before anaesthesia induction (T 0), 3 h after anaesthesia (T 1), at the end of operation (T 2), and at 6, 24 and 48 h after operation (T 3-5) for determination of the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), interleukins (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, sIL-2Rα) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, the concentrations of serum sIL-2Rα at T 1-5, IL-2 at T 1-4 and IL-10 at T 1 were significantly decreased, the concentrations of serum IL-6 at T 1-5 and IL-10 at T 2-4 were increased, and the concentrations of serum IgA and IgM at T 1-5 were decreased in two groups, and the concentrations of serum IgG at T 1-5 in TIVA group and at T 1, 2 and T 4, 5 in VICA group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05).Compared with group TIVA, the concentrations of serum sIL-2Rα at T 2, 5, IL-6 at T 4, 5 and IL-10 at T 3, IgA at T 4 and IgG at T 3 were significantly increased, and the concentrations of serum IL-2 at T 1-5 and IgA at T 5 were decreased in group VICA ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both general anesthesia methods have significant inhibitory effects on intraoperative and postoperative cellular immune function and humoral immune function in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia produces higher inhibitory effects on cellular immune function than total intravenous anesthesia.
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microRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules of approximately 20-22 nucleotides in length, encoded by endogenous genes, which is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. miRNA exists in a double-stranded form and is single-stranded when activated. miRNA also plays its role by forming miRNA-induced silencing complex, and is involved in various processes such as cell growth, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, migration and invasion. Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is a kind of rare malignant neoplasm with unknown etiology and poor prognosis. The early symptoms cannot be detected easily, which is prone to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The main pathological type of hypopharyngeal carcinoma is squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 95% that can easily develop cervical lymph node metastasis. The role of miRNA in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is of great importance to the targeted therapy of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This paper reviews the progress of the role of miRNA in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Chronic insomnia is a common sleep disorder in clinic. It is a frequent and persistent difficulty in sleep initiation, maintenance and termination, leading to different degrees of functional impairment during daytime awakening. Although its pathogenesis is still not completely clear, some people have proposed neurobiological and psychological models, and more and more people begin to pay attention to the study of immune factors and genetic factors. The immune system mainly includes immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules, which help organisms maintain their homeostasis and normal life activities. There are intricate relations between sleep and immune system. Chronic insomnia can affect the function of immune system, and immune disorder may in turn lead to chronic insomnia. This paper discusses the changes of immune system in patients with chronic insomnia, and the influence of immune system changes on patients with chronic insomnia, as well as the research progress of the correlation between chronic insomnia and immune function.
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Objective:To investigate the levels and correlation between myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) and T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods:A total of 38 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Nanjing Second Hospital from February 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the tuberculosis group, and 23 healthy outpatient physical examination patients were selected as the healthy control group during the same period. The levels of MDSC, clinically related indicators, inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte subsets were compared between each group, and the correlation between MDSC and lymphocyte subsets was analyzed. Meanwhile, the levels of MDSC and lymphocyte subsets before and after treatment were compared.Results:The MDSC and CRP in tuberculosis group were higher than those in healthy group: (16.41 ± 2.13)% vs. (1.82 ± 0.54)%, (25.42 ± 10.56) mg/L vs. (5.82 ± 1.39) mg/L ( P<0.05). Serum inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ in tuberculosis group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group ( P<0.05). T lymphocyte subsets CD 3+ T cell, CD 4+ T cell, CD 8+ T cell and CD 16/56+ nature killer (NK) cell in tuberculosis group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group ( P<0.05), while the number of CD 19+ B cell was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that MDSC was negatively correlated with T lymphocyte subsets CD 3+ T cell ( r = -0.73, P<0.001), CD 4+ T cell ( r = -0.68, P<0.001) and CD 8+ T cell ( r = -0.53, P = 0.001), but had no significant correlation with CD 16/56+ NK cell ( r = -0.10, P = 0.561). CD 3+ T cell, CD 4+ T cell, CD 8+ T cell and CD 16/56+ NK cell were significantly different in peripheral blood MDSC before and after treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusions:MDSC, CD 3+ T cell, CD 4+ T cell, CD 8+ T cell and CD 16/56+ NK cell have a guiding role in the diagnosis and evaluation of the curative effect of active pulmonary tuberculosis, with high value in clinical application.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of radiofrequency ablation treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography on the cellular immune function of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted on 78 patients with inoperable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who visited Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from October 2019 to January 2022. All of 78 patients underwent endoscopic radiofrequency ablation. Peripheral venous blood was collected from all patients at 1 day before treatment, 1 week after treatment and 1 month after treatment. Lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry, and levels of cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventy-eight healthy subjects with the same age and gender as the patients were selected as healthy controls, and the same indicators were tested.Results:The patient's peripheral blood total bilirubin was (193±83) μmol/L at 1 day before treatment, and decreased to (55±49) μmol/L at 1 week after treatment ( t = 16.70, P < 0.001); γ-glutamyltransferase was (242±108) U/L at 1 day before treatment, and decreased to (92±70) U/L at 1 week after treatment ( t = 19.12, P < 0.001). The proportion of natural killer (NK) cells, CD3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, ratio of CD4 + T cells to CD8 + T cells (CD4/CD8) and level of interferon γ (IFN-γ) of patients at 1 day before treatment were lower than those of healthy control group (all P < 0.05), the proportion of CD8 + T cells and regulatory T cells was higher than those of healthy control group (both P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in the levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) between the patients at 1 day before treatment and the healthy control group ( P = 0.545). At 1 week and 1 month after treatment, the proportion of NK cells, CD3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD4/CD8 and IFN-γ level in patients increased compared with 1 day before treatment (all P < 0.001), and decreased at 1 month after treatment compared with 1 week after treatment (all P < 0.001). At 1 week and 1 month after treatment, the proportion of CD8 + T cells and IL-4 level in patients decreased compared with 1 day before treatment (both P < 0.001), and increased at 1 month after treatment compared with 1 week after treatment (both P < 0.001). At 1 week and 1 month after treatment, the proportion of regulatory T cells decreased compared with 1 day before treatment (both P < 0.001), and decreased at 1 month after treatment compared with 1 week after treatment ( P < 0.001). Conclusions:Patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are at a low level of immunity. Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation treatment can alleviate the patient's immunosuppression, enhance the patient's cellular immunity.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative cellular immune function in the patients undergoing posterior spinal internal fixation.Methods:Ninety patients, aged 40-70 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing elective posterior spinal internal fixation in our hospital, were divided into 2 groups ( n=45 each) using a computer-generated table of random numbers: routine group and experiment group.Total intravenous anesthesia was used in routine group, while total intravenous anesthesia combined with TEAS was applied in experiment group.In experiment group, bilateral Zusanli and Sanyinjiao acupoints were stimulated with 2/15 Hz disperse-dense waves at the intensity that could be tolerated by patients at 30 min before induction of anesthesia, maintaining with 2/100 Hz disperse-dense waves from the end of induction until the end of operation at the same stimulation intensity before induction.Bilateral Neiguan and Taichong acupoints were stimulated for 30 min each time with 2/15Hz disperse-dense waves once a day at 1st-4th days after operation.In routine group, the electrodes were connected at the same time period, but no stimulation was given.Venous blood samples were collected before induction of anesthesia, at 1 h after surgery, and on 1st, 3rd, and 5th days after surgery, and the percentage of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T lymphocytes, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio, WBC count and percentage of neutrophils (NE%) were determined by flow cytometry, and the consumption of intraoperative anesthetics, use of postoperative analgesics, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, infection and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results:Compared with routine group, the total consumption and consumption index of remifentanil were significantly decreased, the percentage of CD3 + T lymphocytes was increased on 3rd and 5th postoperative days, the NE% was decreased on 1st postoperative day, and the incidence of dizziness was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the other indicators in experiment group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Perioperative TEAS can improve postoperative cellular immune function and has a certain potential value in preventing postoperative infection in the patients undergoing posterior spinal internal fixation.
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ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the epidemiological profile of patients aged 50 years or older diagnosed as HIV/AIDS, in a Specialized Service of the Public Health System. Methods A retrospective cohort study using secondary data from medical records in the period 2014 to 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and features related to treatment adherence were organized in a database. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean (or median) ± standard deviation (or interquartile range), and categorical variables expressed as number and percentage of patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to assess the probability of overall specific survival. Results Of the 241 initially eligible patients, 149 patients were evaluated, registering 19 deaths in the studied period. There was a predominance of males aged 50-59 years, with severe immunodeficiency upon admission (29.7%), and with a CD4+ T lymphocyte count below 200 cells in 62 (46.3%) of patients. Elderly people aged 61 or over were more adherent. There was an increase in the CD4+ T lymphocyte count by an average of 139.63 in the first 6 months, and 50.51 from the first 6 months to 12 months of follow-up, with an average increase in the first 12 months of 157.63 cells. Specific overall survival in the period was 85%. Conclusion Patients older than 50 years had an immune response and no viral load detection in the 12-month period, deserving further studies to improve survival.
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Humans , Male , Aged , Public Health , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Objectvie:To investigate the infiltration patterns of immune cells in colorectal cancer, and to explore the correlation of immune cells infiltration with clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients.Methods:The RNA sequencing data of 615 patients with colorectal cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The data was updated on July 19, 2019, and included 571 colorectal cancer tissues and 44 paracancerous tissues. There were 552 cases with clinical data, such as survival time, survival status, age, gender, clinical stage, grade, tumor location and so on. Using CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm, the relative amounts of 22 immune cell types were calculated based on standardized gene expression data. According to the results of CIBERSORT algorithm, the samples with high accuracy of deconvolution result were selected ( P < 0.05), and they were used for analysis and graphing. The correlations between the infiltration patterns of immune cells and the clinical characteristics and OS of patients were analyzed. Results:After the CIBERSORT method was used to filter and remove samples with P ≥ 0.05, a total of 282 tumor tissue samples and 16 paracancerous tissue samples were screened. In 293 cases with clinical information, there were 277 tumor tissue samples and 16 paracancerous tissue samples. In 293 samples, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, CD8 + T cells and unactivated CD4 memory T cells accounted for a higher proportion of total immune cells; in tumor tissue samples, the expressions of M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, activated CD4 memory T cells, and unactivated natural killer (NK) cells were higher; in paracancerous tissues, the expressions of naive B cells, M2 macrophages, activated NK cells, unactivated dendritic cells, unactivated mast cells and plasma cells were higher; with the increase of clinical stage, the expressions of follicular helper T cells, activated CD4 memory T cells, activated NK cells, M1 macrophages decreased, and the expressions of plasma cells and regulatory T cells increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). M1 macrophages, unactivated mast cells, activated CD4 memory T cells, CD8 + T cells, and follicular helper T cells were highly expressed in right colon cancer, while M0 macrophages and activated mast cells were highly expressed in left colon and rectal cancer, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The patients were divided into high infiltration group and low infiltration group based on the median expression level of infiltrated immune cells, and the survival analysis was performed. The result of survival analysis showed that patients with high initial B cell infiltration had good OS; however, patients with high infiltration of M2 macrophages, activated mast cells, and neutrophils had poor OS. Conclusions:There are different types of immune cell infiltration patterns in the colorectal cancer samples of different stages and locations, which are closely related to tumor progression and OS of patients. They are expected to be applied to the development of therapeutic targets and prognosis prediction.
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Objective:To observe the body fluid and cellular immune function of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the plateau area, as well as the exchanges of these factors during the comprehensive rehabilitation treatment.Methods:A total number of 144 children admitted to Xining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the CP group for comprehensive rehabilitation treatment (consecutive courses). The peripheral blood immunoglobulin/complement (IgA, IgG, lgM, C3, C4) level, T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) content was examined in the clinical specimens before and after treatment by using the immunoturbidimetry, flow cytometry, electrochemiluminescence analysis according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Gross Motor Function Test Scale (GMFM-88). Children were divided as the different degrees to evaluate the rehabilitation efficacy. A total number of 50 healthy children taken a health check/physical examinations during the same period were considered as the control group. For statistical Analysis, the χ2 test and independent sample t test were performed. Results:The levels of humoral immune IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 in CP Group [(6.42±1.05), (0.64±0.13), (0.89±0.13), (0.80±0.08), (0.17±0.03) g/L, respectively] in CP groups′ children were lower than those in the control group [(10.25±0.62), (1.04±0.06), (1.06±0.17), (1.04±0.04), (0.27±0.04) g/L, respectively]. The humoral immune IgG and IgA levels [severe (5.40±0.69) and (0.55±0.09)g/L, moderate (6.63±0.30) and (0.66±0.14)g/L, mild (7.57±0.63) and (0.74±0.09)g/L, P<0.05] were also related to the children with CP of different GMFCS grades. Moreover, the level of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) in the CP group were not statistically different to that in the control groups children. Receiving the rehabilitation treatment, the levels of serum humoral IgG and IgA in CP Group (7.69±1.14) and (0.79±0.17) g/L were significantly enhanced; whereas the serum NSE (12.82±2.49) μg/L was lower than that before treatment (18.57±3.08) μg/L, and the total score of GMFM-88 (121.35±26.51) was higher than that before treatment (101.04±27.62). The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). IgM, C3, C4 and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) had no significant difference compared with those before treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Children with CP at high altitude have abnormal humoral immune function. IgG and IgA may be related to the severity of CP and neuronal damage. Comprehensive rehabilitation can not only improve the motor function of children with CP, relieve neuronal damage, but also enhance their humoral immunity status.
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Objective:To investigate immune effects of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on mouse models of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) .Methods:Ultraviolet-induced SKH-1 hairless mouse models of cSCC were established, and 40 tumor-bearing mice were randomly and equally divided into several groups: control group receiving no treatment, and 7 treatment groups treated with ALA-PDT for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours, as well as 3 and 7 days respectively. After treatment, these mice were sacrificed at different time points, and skin tissues measuring 5 mm 3 in size were resected. Immunohistochemical study and flow cytometry were performed to detect local infiltration of immune cells in cSCC tissues at different time points, including neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Statistical analysis was done by the two-sample t test using SPSS 16.0 software. Results:The number and proportion of local neutrophils and macrophages showed the most significant increase in mouse cSCC tumors 1 hour after ALA-PDT compared with those before treatment (immunohistochemical results [number of cells per 400 × field]: 61.22 ± 6.65 vs. 22.56 ± 4.13, 59.67 ± 4.30 vs. 21.89 ± 3.26, respectively, both P < 0.05; flow cytometry results: 35.64% ± 15.33% vs. 5.46% ± 2.44%, 12.15% ± 4.86% vs. 1.98% ± 1.49%, respectively, both P < 0.05) . Both immunohistochemical study and flow cytometry showed that the expression of T cells, B cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells significantly increased in cSCC tissues 6 hours after treatment (all P < 0.05) . After reaching the peak, the number and proportion of the above-mentioned cells decreased in cSCC tissues, but were still higher than those before treatment, and the increase continued until the end of this study, that is, day 7 after treatment. Conclusion:ALA-PDT may exert anti-tumor effects by recruiting immune cells, especially neutrophils and macrophages.
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Fracture healing is a complex biological process. After a fracture, a hematoma will first form at the injured site, and immune cells and inflammatory factors will quickly reach the fracture site to facilitate the repair and reconstruction of bone tissue. Immune cells and inflammatory factors are an important part of the body's immune system, and the immune system plays a key role in removing necrotic tissue and maintaining the homeostasis of the body's environment. Proper immune regulation after a fracture is beneficial to fracture healing; if immune regulation is improper, the fracture site will gradually develop into a chronic inflammatory state, which may impair healing. The authors summarize the mechanism of action of the innate immune system and adaptive immune system in fracture healing, as well as the research progress of therapeutic drugs that affect the state of the immune system and thus affect the healing of fractures, so as to deepen the understanding of the immune system affecting bone regeneration and provide new ideas for clinical treatment of fracture.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common pulmonary interstitial disease with unknown etiology. Its pathogenesis is unknown and there is no specific drug. Its progress is urgent and its prognosis is heterogeneous. Many studies have found that abnormal immune system function of the body and lungs may be related to the pathogenesis, progression and prognosis of IPF. Combined with the literature, this paper comprehensively analyzes the distribution of IPF related immune cells, cytokines and immunoglobulins in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of IPF patients, and discusses the research potential and clinical application potential value of these cells and molecular markers as immune evaluation and monitoring for IPF diagnosis, condition evaluation and prognosis prediction.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of modified Sijunzi Decoction on myelosuppression in moderate- and advanced-stage lung cancer patients with Qi and Yin deficiency and analyze the underlying mechanism. Methods:A total of 100 moderate- and advanced-stage lung cancer patients with Qi and Yin deficiency who received treatment in Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy with paclitaxel combined with cisplatin (control group, n = 50) or treatment with modified Sijunzi Decoction based on chemotherapy with paclitaxel combined with cisplatin (observation group, n = 50). Myelosuppression, traditional Chinese medicine symptom score, cellular immune function, serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and the dosage of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Results:After treatment, the incidence of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinopenia and neutropenia in the observation group were 60% (30/50), 18% (9/50), 18% (9/50) and 62% (31/50), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [90% (45/50), 30% (15/50), 32% (16/50) and 92% (46/50), χ2 = 6.979, 7.025, 6.534, 6.134, all P < 0.001]. The complete remission rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [30% (15/50) vs. 8% (4/50), χ2 = 9.018, P < 0.001]. The traditional Chinese medicine symptom score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 6.982, P < 0.05). CD 8+, CD 4+ and CD 3+ levels in the observation group were (25.16 ± 2.87)%, (38.76 ± 4.16)%, (48.83 ± 5.61)%, respectively, and they were (28. 89 ± 4.02)%, (34.10 ± 4.59)%, (41.12 ± 77)%, respectively in the control group. There were significant differences in CD 8+, CD 4+ and CD 3+ levels between the observation and control groups ( t = 6.392, 6.235, 5.983, all P < 0.05). The dosage of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(2 567.34 ± 308.25) μg vs. (3 917.82 ± 411.67) μg, t = 11.258, P < 0.05]. Serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were (25.53 ± 7.86) ng/L and (278.34 ± 28.74) ng/L, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(21.30 ± 3.12) ng/L, (204.17 ± 11.98) ng/L, t = 9.136, 8.856, both P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Modified Sijunzi Decoction for the treatment of moderate- and advanced-stage lung cancer patients with Qi and Yin deficiency can decrease the incidence of myelosuppression possibly through increasing serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and improving the immune function.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of CD 8+ CD 25+ FoxP3 + regulatory T cell (Treg) expression levels in peripheral blood of pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membranes(PROM) on immune function of helper T cells (Th) 1/Th2. Methods:Thirty cases of pregnant women with PROM (PROM group), 30 cases of normal pregnant women (normal pregnancy group) and 30 cases of normal non-pregnant women (non-pregnancy group) who treated in Binhai County People′s Hospital from September 2019 to May 2020 were collected. Peripheral blood of each group was collected and the proportion of CD 8+ CD 25+ FoxP3 + Treg was determined by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted and FoxP3 mRNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The levels of Th1-related cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, and Th2-related cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 were measured by Luminex liquid phase microarray. The effects of CD 8+ CD 25+ FoxP3 + Tregexpression on Th1/Th2 balance were analyzed. Results:The proportion of CD 8+ CD 25+ FoxP3 + Tregand the expression of FoxP3 mRNA in PROM groupand normal pregnancy group were lower than those in non-pregnancy group: (0.15 ± 0.03) %, (0.35 ± 0.09) % vs. (0.47 ± 0.11) %; 0.89 ± 0.11, 3.15 ± 0.67 vs. 3.75 ± 0.23 , the proportion of CD 8+ CD 25+ FoxP3 + Treg and the expression of FoxP3 mRNA in PROM groupwere lower than those in the normal pregnancy group , and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of Th1-related cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 in PROM group and normal pregnancy group were higher than those in non-pregnancy group, the level of Th2-related cytokines IL-4 was lower than that in non-pregnancy group , the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in PROM group were higher than those in normal pregnancy group, the level of IL-4 was lower than that in normal pregnancy group , and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In PROM group, the proportion of CD 8+ CD 25+ FoxP3 + Treg and the expression of FoxP3 mRNA in peripheral blood were negatively correlated with Th1-related cytokines IFN-γ ( r = - 0.413, -0.451, P<0.05) and IL-22 ( r = -0.645, -0.535, P<0.05), and were positively correlated with Th2-related cytokines IL-4 ( r = 0.558, 0.469, P<0.05). Conclusions:The proportion of CD 8+ CD 25+ FoxP3 + Treg in peripheral blood of pregnant women with PROM is lower, and the expression level of related FoxP3 mRNA is lower, which all affecte the Th1/Th2 immune balance and cause Th1 immune drift, which may be the related immune mechanism of PROM.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) protein in grade Ⅲ non-special type invasive breast cancer and its related factors, so as to provide a basis for immunotherapy.Methods:A total of 63 surgically resected specimens of grade Ⅲ non-special type invasive breast cancer diagnosed by pathology in Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from February 2017 to February 2021 were collected. The HE-stained sections were reviewed, and the proportion of immune cells (IC) in all invasive active tumor cells in the tumor sections was calculated. The expression of PD-L1 (SP142) protein in all specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the positive expression of PD-L1 protein and the clinicopathological parameters was analyzed, and the Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 (SP142) and the degree of IC infiltration.Results:Among 63 patients, 19 patients (30.2%) were triple-negative type, 34 patients (53.9%) were luminal type, and 10 patients (15.9%) were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression type. The positive rate of PD-L1 (SP142) in grade Ⅲ non-special type invasive breast cancer was 77.8% (49/63). The positive rate of PD-L1 (SP142) in triple-negative type was 94.7% (18/19), the positive rate in non-triple-negative type was 70.5% (31/44), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.047). The positive rate of PD-L1 (SP142) in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients or progesterone receptor (PR)-negative patients was both 90.3% (28/31), which was higher than that of ER-positive patients or PR-positive patients (65.6%, 21/32), and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.018); the positive rate of PD-L1 (SP142) was not related to the patient's age, tumor site, tumor maximum diameter and number, vascular tumor thrombus, nerve invasion, lymph node metastasis, HER2 status and Ki-67 positive index (all P > 0.05). The expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with the degree of IC infiltration ( r = 0.716, P<0.001). Conclusion:In grade Ⅲ non-special type invasive breast cancer, the patients with triple-negative type has a high positive rate of PD-L1, and the patient with negative ER or PR has a high positive rate of PD-L1; the tumor IC infiltration is positively correlated with the expression of PD-L1.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the effects of esketamine and opioids on postoperative cellular immune function in the patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery.Methods:Fifty patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ, aged 20-65 yr, with height 150-180 cm, weighing 50-80 kg, who underwent laparoscopic non-oncologic gynecological surgery with general anesthesia in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from September 2020 to February 2021, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method: esketamine group (group K) and opioid analgesic group (group O), with 25 patients in each group.Anesthesia was induced as follows: esmketamine 0.25-0.50 mg/kg was intravenously injected in group K, sufentanil 0.2-0.4 μg/kg was intravenously injected in group O, and propofol 2 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.6-0.9 mg/kg were intravenously injected in two groups.Anesthesia was maintained as follows: esketamine was intravenously infused at 0.5 mg·kg -1·h -1 in group K, remifentanil was intravenously infused at 10-20 μg·kg -1·h -1 in group O, and propofol 4-10 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused, and rocuronium 0.2-0.3 mg/kg was intermittently injected in two groups.Blood samples from elbow veins were collected before anesthesia induction (T 1) and immediately after extubation (T 2) for determination of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low) and NK cells and B lymphocyte (by flow cytometry) and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 concentrations (by multiplexed fluorescent microsphere immunoassay). Routine blood tests were performed on preoperative day 1 and postoperative day 3, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were calculated. Results:Compared with group O, the percentages of CD3 + and CD4 + cells, ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + and percentage of NK cells were significantly increased, serum IL-6 concentrations were decreased, and serum IL-10 concentrations were increased after extubation, white blood cell, monocyte and neutrophil counts were increased, and lymphocyte count was decreased on postoperative day 3 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in group K ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with opioid analgesics, esketamine has less inhibition of postoperative cellular immune function in the patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery.